1. Water control. If there is too little water in the organic fertilizer fermentation process, the activity of microorganisms will be inhibited, and if there is too much water, the ventilation will be affected. Usually the water content is controlled between 40% and 65%. If you hold it tightly with your hands, you can see water between your fingers, but it will not drip.
2. Control of carbon-nitrogen ratio. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of organic fertilizer raw materials should be 25:1. If the C/N of organic matter is less than 25:1. Because it contains more nitrogen, it not only decomposes quickly, but also can convert excess organic nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen and remain in the soil for plant use. If the C/N of organic matter is greater than 25:1. Because there is more carbon and less nitrogen, microorganisms lack nitrogen nutrition, their life activity ability is weakened, and organic matter decomposes slowly. Sometimes microorganisms will also absorb inorganic effective nitrogen nutrition from the soil, causing microorganisms to compete with crops for nitrogen nutrients. The crops are temporarily deficient in nitrogen and wilt.
3. PH value control. When the PH value is greater than 8.5 and less than 5.3, it will be unfavorable for the activity of microorganisms. In the early and middle stages of fermentation, organic acid is produced due to the decomposition of organic matter, which reduces the pH value. Alkaline slaked lime, wood ash or calcium carbonate can be added to adjust the pH value. In the later stage of the organic fertilizer fermentation process, ammonia is released and accumulated, which increases the pH value. Fresh green manure and grass can be added.
4. Temperature control. During the fermentation of organic fertilizer, the material temperature will increase with the decomposition of organic matter. Organic fermentation cannot be separated from high temperature. Only in the high temperature stage can the process of humus formation begin in the pile, and black substances that can be soluble in weak alkali begin to appear. High temperature is conducive to killing pathogenic microorganisms. The inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms depends on temperature and contact time. Generally speaking, the pile temperature of 50-60℃ is maintained for 6-7 days, which can achieve a better effect of killing insect eggs and pathogens.
The dominant microorganisms in the pile during the high temperature stage change with temperature. At around 50℃, the main microorganisms are thermophilic fungi and actinomycetes; when the temperature rises to 60℃, fungal activity almost completely stops, and only thermophilic actinomycetes continue to be active; when the temperature rises to 70℃, most of the microorganisms in the pile die in large numbers or enter a dormant state. Therefore, we must try to keep the pile at a high temperature while preventing the temperature from rising too high.
