Horizontal crusher

Equipment Introduction

The horizontal crusher is a horizontally axially arranged continuous crushing equipment. Unlike vertical crushers, its main shaft is horizontally installed, and the overall structure has a flat layout, resulting in strong operational stability, low vibration, smooth feeding, and less clogging. The equipment is suitable for various dry and wet materials, offering excellent compatibility. It is a versatile core device for industrial pretreatment, material refinement, and solid waste resource utilization, widely replacing traditional vertical crushing equipment. It solves the pain points of vertical equipment such as wet material clogging, uneven output, and cumbersome maintenance, possessing core advantages such as high cost-effectiveness, simple operation, and low failure rate.

Equipment Structure

The machine features a modular design with a simple and well-organized core, comprising seven main components:

1. Feeding Mechanism: Open feed hopper and quantitative feeding device ensure uniform material feeding;
2. Crushing Main Unit Housing: Thickened steel plate welded cylinder with a detachable inspection door for easy internal maintenance;
3. Rotor Assembly: Horizontal main shaft, rotor frame, hammers/blades, and bushings, forming the core crushing motion component;
4. Fixed Tooth Plate/Fixed Blade: Installed on the inner wall of the cylinder, forming a shearing and crushing gap with the moving blades;
5. Transmission Mechanism: Coupling, pulley, and drive motor ensure stable power transmission;
6. Screening and Discharge Mechanism: Bottom screen and discharge channel control the discharge particle size;
7. Protection and Electrical Control System: Safety guard, emergency stop switch, and frequency converter control cabinet.

Applications of the equipment

It covers general industrial fields such as light industry, heavy industry, environmental protection, agriculture and forestry, and is mainly used for the pre-processing of materials through crushing. Applications include organic fertilizer production, straw and timber processing, municipal solid waste crushing, small-scale fine ore crushing, chemical raw material dispersing, food and pharmaceutical material coarse crushing, and construction waste crushing. It can be adapted to both continuous production line operation and stand-alone independent operation modes.

Raw Materials for the Equipment

The equipment is suitable for a wide range of conventional dry and wet mixed materials, including:

1. Biomass materials: straw, branches, sawdust, rice husks, forage;
2. Soft solid waste: fermented organic fertilizer, sludge, household waste, waste fabrics;
3. Brittle materials: coal gangue, small ore pieces, gypsum, agglomerated chemical raw materials;
4. Agricultural and by-product materials: medicinal herbs, agglomerated grains, fruit and vegetable residues. The equipment is suitable for raw material moisture content of 15%-25%, and can process semi-wet materials without easily causing adhesion and clogging.

Working Principle of the Equipment

The working principle of a horizontal pulverizer varies depending on the type, but mainly includes the following:

(I) Impact Crushing Principle: The material is evenly fed into the crushing chamber by the feeding system and subjected to strong impact from the high-speed rotating crushing disc (or hammers). Simultaneously, under centrifugal force, the material collides with the crushing tooth ring and is crushed by a combination of shearing, friction, and collision forces.

Models with grading function: The crushed material moves with the airflow to the grading zone, where a frequency-controlled grading wheel separates coarse and fine materials. Products meeting the fineness requirements are collected by the airflow into a cyclone collector and dust collector; unqualified coarse materials are returned to the crushing zone for secondary crushing.

(II) Hammer Mill Crushing Principle: The material is evenly and appropriately fed into the crushing chamber through the feed inlet. The crushing chamber contains high-speed rotating hammers, and the upper body is equipped with toothed plates. The material is rapidly crushed into powder under the strong impact, tearing, and rubbing action of the hammers. Due to centrifugal force and the negative pressure in the lower chamber of the crusher, finely crushed material falls through the sieve holes into the lower chamber and is then sucked away by the fan.

(III) Blade Crushing Principle: Material enters the crushing chamber from the hopper and is crushed by the impact and shearing action of rotating and fixed blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, the material automatically flows to the outlet.

(IV) Chain Crushing Principle: A high-strength, wear-resistant, hard alloy chain with synchronous rotation speed is used. Material collides with the high-speed rotating chain inside the casing. After impact, compression, and crushing, the material further impacts the inner wall of the casing, undergoing multiple impacts to become powder or fine particles.

Equipment operation and maintenance methods

Equipment Applications in Production Lines

1. Application in Organic Fertilizer Production Lines

The horizontal crusher is a core piece of equipment in the organic fertilizer production process, located between “raw material collection” and “fermentation and maturation.” Industry data shows that production lines equipped with horizontal crushers improve the uniformity of finished organic fertilizer by 40% and shorten the fermentation cycle by 15%.

Livestock and Poultry Manure Treatment: Crushes lumps (5-10cm in diameter) in manure to 1-2cm, increasing the contact area with microorganisms. A built-in magnetic separator adsorbs iron impurities, preventing damage to subsequent fermentation equipment. When processing chicken manure with a moisture content of 60%-70%, the hourly capacity can reach 5-10 tons.

Coarse Fiber Material Treatment: Crushes corn stalks to 3-5cm, disrupting the lignin structure and increasing microbial degradation efficiency by 30%. Compared to chain crushers, the blockage rate is reduced by 60% when processing straw mixed with soil.

Mixing and Conditioning: Utilizing a ribbon mixing structure, the material forms an up-and-down circulating convection within the cylinder, achieving a mixing uniformity (coefficient of variation) ≤5%.

1. Integrated Crushing and Mixing Operation: This integrated crushing and mixing process saves 30% on equipment investment and reduces floor space by 20 square meters compared to the traditional “crush first, then mix” process.
2. Application in Compound Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer Production Lines: The horizontal chain crusher is an indispensable advanced crushing equipment in the compound fertilizer industry. It is especially suitable for crushing various lumpy fertilizers and other medium-hardness materials. It effectively solves the long-standing problem of fertilizers being unable to be crushed due to moisture absorption, overcomes the disadvantage of materials sticking to the inner wall of the machine casing, and makes the crushing operation continuous.
3. Application in Feed Production Lines: The horizontal crusher can be used for fine crushing in pet and aquatic feed processing, as well as coarse crushing in compound feed and flour processing. It is suitable for crushing feed for livestock and poultry such as pigs, cattle, sheep, rabbits, chickens, ducks, and geese.

Common Equipment Problems and Solutions